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Indeed we may see these very opponents of mine often inciting young men with praise and often chastising them with admonitions; and of these, in the first case pleasure is the consequence, in the second pain (in fact, admonition and rebuke engender repentance and shame, of which the first is a kind of pain, the second a kind of fear Cf. von Arnim, Stoic. Vet. Frag., iii. pp. 98 f.); and of these methods they make particular use to improve their charges. As Diogenes Cf. Archidamus’s remark on Charillus, Moralia, 55 e, 218 b, 537 d. also remarked, when Plato was being praised, What is there so august about one who has spent so much time talking philosophy, yet has never caused anyone pain? For surely studies could not so properly be called, to use Xenocrates’ Cf. Diogenes Laertius, iv. 10. words, the grips of philosophy, as could the emotions of young men: shame, desire, repentance, pleasure, pain, ambition. On these if reason and law obtain a suitable and salutary grip, they efficaciously set the young man upon the path that he should take. Therefore the Spartan Cf. 439 f, supra; Plato, Laws, 653 b-c. tutor was not wide of the mark when he said that he intended to make a boy entrusted to him delight in honourable and be vexed at dishonourable things. Than this saying there can be shown no greater nor fairer end of such education as befits a free-born child.
