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10 ARISTOTIMUS. In general, then, the evidence by which the philosophers demonstrate that beasts have their share of reason is their possession of purpose Cf. 961 c supra. and preparation and memory and emotions and care for their youngSee the essay De Amore Prolis, Mor. 493 a ff. passim. and gratitude for benefits and hostility to what has hurt them; to which may be added their ability to find what they need and their manifestations of good qualities, such as couragePlato, at least, held that, philosophically speaking, no beast is brave; Laches, 196 d; Republic, 430 b. and sociability and continence and magnanimity. Let us ask ourselves if marine creatures exhibit any of these traits, or perhaps some suggestion of them, that is extremely faint and difficult to discern (the observer only coming at long last to the opinion that it may be descried); whereas in the case of terrestrial and earth-born animals it is easy to find remarkably plain and unanswerable proofs of every one of the points I have mentioned.