10.9
But the other kind of bit acts like a chain: for only the part that you hold remains unbent, while the rest of it hangs loose. As the horse continually tries to seize the part that eludes him in his mouth, he lets the bit drop from his jaws. This is why little ringsTwo sets, one hanging to each of the two links that form the centre joint of the two axles of which the flexible bit consisted. They are found in both the Berlin bits. are hung in the middle on the axles, in order that the horse may feel after them with his tongue and teeth and not think of taking the bit up against the jaws.
10.10
In case the meaning of the terms flexible and stiff as applied to a bit is not known, we will explain this too. Flexible means that the axles have broad and smooth links so that they bend easily; and if everything that goes round the axlesMeaning (1) the toothed cylinders, (2) the pendants to which the reins were attached, (3) the curved or S-shaped branches with eyes to which the bridle was fastened. It is curious that we do not know the Greek terms for (2) and (3). Let all the parts be loose is what X. means. has large openings, and does not fit tight, it is more flexible.
10.11
Stiff, on the other hand, means that the pieces of the bit do not run over the axles and work in combination easily.
10.11
Whatever the pattern may be, the same method of using it must be carried out in all the points that follow, assuming that you want your horse to have just the appearance I have described.
10.12
The mouth must neither be pulled so hard that he holds his nose in the air, nor so gently that he takes no notice. As soon as he raises his neck when you pull, give him the bit at once. Invariably, in fact, as we cannot too often repeat, you must humour you horse whenever he responds to your wishes.
