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İngilizce Yunanca

416 Hermogenes. But what is the meaning of the word κακόν which you used in many of your derivations?

416 Socrates. By Zeus, I think it is a strange word and hard to understand; so I apply to it that contrivance of mine.

416 Hermogenes. What contrivance?

416 Socrates. The claim of foreign origin, which I advance in this case as in those others.

416 Hermogenes. Well, probably you are right. But, if you please, let us drop these words and try to discover the reasons for the words καλόν (beautiful, noble) and αἰσχρόν (base).

416 Socrates. I think the meaning of αἰσχρόν is clear, and this also agrees with what has been said before. For the giver of names appears to me throughout to denounce that which hinders and restrains things from flowing, and in this instance he gave to that which always restrains the flow (ἀεὶ ἴσχει τὸν ῥοῦν) this name ἀεισχοροῦν, which is now compressed and pronounced αἰσχρόν.

416 Hermogenes. What about καλόν?

416 Socrates. That is harder to understand, and yet it expresses its meaning: it has been altered merely in accent and in the length of the O.

416 Hermogenes. How is that?

416 Socrates. I think this word denotes intellect.

416 Hermogenes. What do you mean?

416 Socrates. Why, what do you think is the cause why anything is called by a name? Is it not the power which gave the name?

416 Hermogenes. Why, certainly.

416 Socrates. And is not that power the intellect either of gods or of men or both?

416 Hermogenes. Yes.

416 Socrates. Are not that which called things by name and that which calls them by name (τὸ καλοῦν) the same thing, namely intellect?

416 Hermogenes. Yes, clearly.

416 Socrates. And are not all works which are done by mind and intelligence worthy of praise, and those that are not done by them worthy of blame?

416 Hermogenes. Certainly.

416 Socrates. Does not the medical power perform medical works and the power of carpentry works of carpentry? Do you agree to that?

416 Hermogenes. I agree.

416 Socrates. And the beautiful performs beautiful works?

416 Hermogenes. It must do so.

416 Socrates. And the beautiful is, we say, intellect?

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