Book 7
1.65
A judgement is that which is either true or false, or a thing complete in itself, capable of being denied in and by itself, as Chrysippus says in his Dialectical Definitions: A judgement is that which in and by itself can be denied or affirmed, e.g. It is day, Dion is walking. The Greek word for judgement (ἀξίωμα ) is derived from the verb ἀξιοῦν, as signifying acceptance or rejection; for when you say It is day, you seem to accept the fact that it is day. Now, if it really is day, the judgement before us is true, but if not, it is false.
1.66
There is a difference between judgement, interrogation, and inquiry, as also between imperative, adjurative, optative, hypothetical, vocative, whether that to which these terms are applied be a thing or a judgement. For a judgement is that which, when we set it forth in speech, becomes an assertion, and is either false or true: an interrogation is a thing complete in itself like a judgement but demanding an answer, e.g. Is it day? and this is so far neither true nor false. Thus It is day is a judgement; Is it day? an interrogation. An inquiry is something to which we cannot reply by signs, as you can nod Yes to an interrogation; but you must express the answer in words, He lives in this or that place.
1.67
An imperative is something which conveys a command: e.g. Go thou to the waters of Inachus.Nauck, T.G.F.2, Adesp. 177; cf. Galen, xiii. p. 363 K. An adjurative utterance is something ... A vocative utterance is something the use of which implies that you are addressing some one; for instance: Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon, lord of men.Iliad ix. 96. A quasi-proposition is that which, having the enunciation of a judgement, yet in consequence of the intensified tone or emotion of one of its parts falls outside the class of judgements proper, e.g. Yea, fair indeed the Parthenon! How like to Priam’s sons the cowherd is!Nauck, T.G.F.2, Adesp. 286.
