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İngilizce Yunanca

406 Socrates. We call her Pallas, you know.

406 Hermogenes. Yes, of course.

406 Socrates. Those of us are right, I fancy, who think this name is derived from armed dances, for lifting oneself or anything else from the ground or in the hands is called shaking (πάλλειν) and being shaken, or dancing and being danced.

407 Hermogenes. Yes, certainly.

407 Socrates. So that is the reason she is called Pallas.

407 Hermogenes. And rightly called so. But what can you say of her other name?

407 Socrates. You mean Athena?

407 Hermogenes. Yes.

407 Socrates. That is a weightier matter, my friend. The ancients seem to have had the same belief about Athena as the interpreters of Homer have now; for most of these, in commenting on the poet, say that he represents Athena as mind (νοῦς) and intellect (διάνοια); and the maker of her name seems to have had a similar conception of her, but he gives her the still grander title of mind of God ἡ θεοῦ νόησις, seeming to say that she is a ἁ θεονόα; here he used the alpha in foreign fashion instead of eta, and dropped out the iota and sigma. But perhaps that was not his reason; he may have called her Theonoe because she has unequalled knowledge of divine things (τὰ θεῖα νοοῦσα). Perhaps, too, he may have wished to identify the goddess with wisdom of character (ἐν ἤθει νόησις) by calling her Ethonoe; and then he himself or others afterwards improved the name, as they thought, and called her Athenaa.

407 Hermogenes. And how do you explain Hephaestus?

407 Socrates. You ask about the noble master of light?

407 Hermogenes. To be sure.

407 Socrates. Hephaestus is Phaestus, with the eta added by attraction; anyone could see that, I should think.

407 Hermogenes. Very likely, unless some other explanation occurs to you, as it probably will.

407 Socrates. To prevent that, ask about Ares.

407 Hermogenes. I do ask.

407 Socrates. Ares, then, if you like, would be named for his virility and courage, or for his hard and unbending nature, which is called ἄρρατον; so Ares would be in every way a fitting name for the god of war.

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