Kitap 10
5
(c) If things have an attribute which is the same and one in form—e.g. white—in different degrees, we say that they are similar because their form is one. (d) If the respects in which they are the same are more than those in which they differ, either in general or as regards their more prominent qualities; e.g., tin is similar to silver, as being white; and gold to fire, as being yellow or flame-colored.
6
Thus it is obvious that OtherCf. Aristot. Met. 5.9.4. and Unlike also have several meanings. (a) In one sense other is used in the sense opposite to the same; thus everything in relation to every other thing is either the same or other. (b) In another sense things are other unless both their matter and their formula are one; thus you are other than your neighbor. (c) The third sense is that which is found in mathematics.sc. as opposed to same in sense (a); 3 above. Therefore everything in relation to everything else is called either other or the same; that is, in the case of things of which unity and being are predicated;
7
for other is not the contradictory of the same, and so it is not predicated of non-existent things (they are called not the same), but it is predicated of all things which exist; for whatever is by nature existent and one is either one or not one with something else.
7
Other and same, then, are opposed in this way; but differenceCf. Aristot. Met. 5.9.4. is distinct from otherness.
8
For that which is other than something need not be other in a particular respect, since everything which is existent is either other or the same. But that which is different from something is different in some particular respect, so that that in which they differ must be the same sort of thing; i.e. the same genus or species.
