Kitap 5
1
Affection means (a) In one sense, a quality in virtue of which alteration is possible; e.g., whiteness and blackness, sweetness and bitterness, heaviness and lightness, etc. (b) The actualizations of these qualities; i.e. the alterations already realized. (c) More particularly, hurtful alterations and motions, and especially hurts which cause suffering. (d) Extreme cases of misfortune and suffering are called affections. The English equivalent for πάθος in this sense would be calamity or disaster.
1
We speak of privation: (a) In one sense, if a thing does not possess an attribute which is a natural possession, even if the thing itself would not naturally possess itThis is not a proper sense of privation, as Aristotle implies by choosing an example from everyday speech.; e.g., we say that a vegetable is deprived of eyes. (b) If a thing does not possess an attribute which it or its genus would naturally possess. E.g., a blind man is not deprived of sight in the same sense that a mole is; the latter is deprived in virtue of its genus, but the former in virtue of himself.i.e., a mole is blind as being a member of a blind genus, whereas a man is blind only as an individual. Of course moles are not really blind, but we still speak as though they were.
