Kitap 5
1303b
and the Syracusans after the period of the tyrantsThrasybulus succeeded his brother Hiero as tyrant in 467 B.C. and fell within a year. conferred citizenship on their foreign troops and mercenaries and then faction set in and they came to battle; and the Amphipolitans having received settlers from Chalcis were most of them driven out by them.Cf. 1306a 2. The exact circumstances are unknown; Amphipolis was colonized from Athens 437 B.C.
1303b
(And in oligarchies civil strife is raised by the many, on the ground that they are treated unjustly because they are not admitted to an equal share although they are equal, as has been said before, but in democracies it begins with the notables, because they have an equal share although they are not equal.)This sentence is out of place here, and would fit in better if placed (as it is by Newman) above at 1301a 39, after στασιάζουσι, or (with other editors) 1301b 26.
1303b
Also states sometimes enter on faction for geographical reasons, when the nature of the country is not suited for there being a single city, as for example at ClazomenaeTopography uncertain: Clazomenae near Smyrna was partly on a small island, which Alexander joined to the mainland with a causeway. the people near Chytrum are in feud with the inhabitants of the island, and the Colophonians and the Notians Notium was the port of Colophon.; and at Athens the population is not uniformly democratic in spirit, but the inhabitants of Piraeus are more so than those of the city. For just as in wars the fording of watercourses, even quite small ones, causes the formations to lose contact, so every difference seems to cause division. Thus perhaps the greatest division is that between virtue and vice, next that between wealth and poverty, and so with other differences in varying degree, one of which is the one mentioned.i.e. difference of locality.
