Kitap 2
21.2
Now, a maxim is a statement, not however concerning particulars, as, for instance, what sort of a man Iphicrates was, but general; it does not even deal with all general things, as for instance that the straight is the opposite of the crooked, but with the objects of human actions, and with what should be chosen or avoided with reference to them. And as the enthymeme is, we may say,Putting the comma after σχεδόν. the syllogism dealing with such things, maxims are the premises or conclusions of enthymemes without the syllogism. For example: No man who is sensible ought to have his children taught to be excessively clever,Eur. Med. 294-297. is a maxim; but when the why and the wherefore are added, the whole makes an enthymeme; for instance, for, not to speak of the charge of idleness brought against them,The idle habits which they contract (Cope). they earn jealous hostility from the citizens. Another example: There is no man who is happy in everything;Euripides, Stheneboea (frag. 661, T.G.F.). or, There is no man who is really free. The latter is a maxim, but taken with the next verse it is an enthymeme: for he is the slave of either wealth or fortune.Eur. Hec. 864-865.
21.3
Now, if a maxim is what we have stated, it follows that maxims are of four kinds; for they are either accompanied by an epilogue or not.Maxims with an epilogue are (1) imperfect enthymemes, or (2) enthymematic in character, but not in form; those without an epilogue are (1) such as are well known, or (2) such as are clear as soon as they are uttered.
21.4
Now all those that state anything that is contrary to the general opinion or is a matter of dispute, need demonstrative proof; but those that do not, need no epilogue,Something added as a supplementary proof, the why and the wherefore; in Book 3.19 it is used for the peroration of a speech.
