Kitap 3
11.1
We have said that smart sayings are derived from proportional metaphor and expressions which set things before the eyes. We must now explain the meaning of before the eyes, and what must be done to produce this.
11.2
I mean that things are set before the eyes by words that signify actuality. For instance, to say that a good man is four-squareSimonides, frag. 5 (P.L.G. 2.). Both a good man and a square are complete as far as they go, but they do not express actuality. is a metaphor, for both these are complete, but the phrase does not express actuality, whereas of one having the prime of his life in full bloomIsoc. 5.10. does; similarly, thee, like a sacred animal ranging at willIsoc. 5.127. This speech is an appeal to Philip to lead the Greeks against Persia. As a sacred animal could roam where it pleased within the precincts of its temple, so Philip could claim the whole of Greece as his fatherland, while other descendants of Heracles (whom Isocrates calls the author of Philip's line) were tied down and their outlook narrowed by the laws and constitution of the city in which they dwelt. expresses actuality, and in Thereupon the Greeks shooting forward with their feetEur. IA 80, with δορί for ποσίν. the word shooting contains both actuality and metaphor.
