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Orationes

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Orationes Dio Chrysostom
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Yunanca
20 εἴ τις αὐλοῖς οὐκ ὢν αὐλητικὸς ἐθέλοι χρῆσθαι καὶ παριὼνεἰς τὰ θέατρα αὐλεῖν, οὐκ αὐτός τε δώσει δίκην βαλλόμενος καὶ τοὺς αὐλοὺς ἂν προσέτι συντρίψειεν; ὃς δʼ ἂν ἐπιχειρῇ πηδαλίῳ χρῆσθαι οὐκ ἐπιστάμενος κυβερνᾶν, ἔστιν ὅπως οὐκ ἂν τάχιστα ἀνατρέψας τὴν ναῦν αὑτόν τε ἀπολέσειεν καὶ τοὺς ἐμπλέοντας; τί δέ; ἡ δόρατος χρῆσις ἢ ἀσπίδος συμφέρει τοῖς δειλοῖς καὶ ἀνεπιστήμοσιν,ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν ἀποβάλοιεν τῇ τοιαύτῃ πείρᾳ τῆς χρήσεως οὐ τὰ ὅπλα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὑτούς; συγχωρῶ, ἔφη, ὦ Διόγενες· ἀλλὰ καταδύεις τὸν ἥλιον περὶ πάντων ἐπερωτῶν.
21 καὶ πότερον ἄμεινον, εἶπεν, ἀκούοντα ὧν χρὴ καταδῦσαι τὸν ἥλιον ἢ βαδίζοντα μάτην; ὁμοίως δʼ ἐπὶ πάντων σχεδὸν ὅσων ἄπεστιν ἐμπειρία τοῦ χρῆσθαι χαλεπὸν τὸ προθυμεῖσθαι, μείζω δὲ τὴν βλάβην γενέσθαι εἰκὸς ἀπὸ τῶν μειζόνων. ἦ οὖν δοκεῖ σοι ὁμοία εἶναι ἡ ὄνου χρῆσις τῇ ἵππου; πόθεν; τί δέ; ἡ ἀνθρώπου τῇ θεοῦ; ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ λέγειν ἄξιον, ἔφη, ὦ Διόγενες. ἔστιν οὖν ὃς αὑτῷ χρῆσθαι δύναται, οὐ γιγνώσκων αὑτόν; καὶ πῶς; εἶπεν. ὁ γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ἀγνοῶν ἀδύνατος ἀνθρώπῳ χρῆσθαι. ἀδύνατος γάρ. ὁ δὴ αὑτὸν ἀγνοῶν οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι αὑτῷ χρῆσθαι; δοκεῖ μοι.
22 ἤδη οὖν ἀκήκοας τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς γράμμα τὸ “γνῶθι σαυτόν” ; ἔγωγε. οὔκουν δῆλον ὅτι ὁ θεὸς κελεύει πᾶσιν ὡς οὐκ εἰδόσιν αὑτούς; ἔοικεν. εἷς ἄρα τῶν πάντων καὶ σὺ εἴης ἄν; πῶς γὰρ οὔ; οὐκ ἄρα οὐδὲ σὺ γιγνώσκεις αὑτόν; οὔ μοι δοκῶ. σεαυτὸν δὲ ἀγνοῶν ἄνθρωπον ἀγνοεῖς, ἄνθρωπον δὲ οὐκ εἰδὼς χρῆσθαι ἀνθρώπῳ οὐ δυνατὸς εἷ, ἀνθρώπῳ δὲ χρῆσθαι ἀδύνατος ὢν θεῷ ἐπιχειρεῖς, ὃ τῷ παντὶ μεῖζον καὶ χαλεπώτερον ἐκείνου ὁμολογοῦμεν εἶναι.
23 τί δέ; νομίζεις τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἀττικίζειν ἢ δωρίζειν; ἢ τὴν αὐτὴν εἶναι διάλεκτον ἀνθρώπων καὶ θεῶν; ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον διαφέρει ὥστε τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν ἐν Τροίᾳ Σκάμανδρον παρʼ ἐκείνοις Ξάνθον καλεῖσθαι, καὶ τὴν κύμινδιν τὸ ὄρνεον χαλκίδα, καὶ τόπον τινὰ πρὸ τῆς πόλεως, ὃν οἱ Τρῶες ἐκάλουν Βατίειαν, τοὺς θεοὺς σῆμα Μυρίνης ὀνομάζειν. ὅθεν δὴ καὶ ἀσαφῆ τὰ τῶν χρησμῶν ἐστιν καὶ πολλοὺς ἤδη ἐξηπάτηκεν.
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